Home Automation Project Development

Home Automation Project Development Introduction Technology In saying Necessity is the Mother of Invention to conclude that man since the dawn of history has sought to facilitate his creativity to invite tools that helped him to live from Stone Age to Cooper, Bronze, and Iron Ages that each age developed the following age. He built growth of the ancient civilizations such as Egyptians that invented and used many simple machines and other ancient civilizations that improved many technologies for example Greek invented watermill which was the first human-devised motive force. The industrial revolution in Britain which is individuated by the promotions in the areas of textile manufacturing, mining, metallurgy and transport driven by the development of the steam engine. That changed the whole course of mans life and the subsequent revolution in electricity, electronics and communications led to the development of technology. Technology has transformed the lives of people world over, has saved us loads of time and has made life easier for all of us. Automation The idea of remote control that controls machines after the World War 1 in Germany gave birth of automation. Automation can be defined as the use of control systems, Human activities and applications in all areas of life has rapidly expanded from the combination of automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools which created complex systems that have been used in industrial, commercial, economic, and social ranges of mans life. The evolution of controllers and automation has been developing and still continue to develop to these days. What is Home Automation Home is the word that refers to relaxing and rest after a long day of work, that when you get home you need all the reasons of relax, in the past man was coming home and was finding hit wife had created the comforts for him, but then women choose to be mans partner in all areas of life, so to find technology took the rule and start to create comfort for both man and woman at home. The first appearance of home automation was the TV remote control and then inventions followed one another. Home automation is a system in which user can control his home subsystems using an interface provided by the system to achieve the purpose of home automation. The idea of home automation came from modern home which filled with electronic apparatus and appliances -which are the home subsystems foundation- to make life easier at home, more secure, and more comfortable that the user can control his house while he is relaxing or working. When the user leaves his home to go on holiday, he loses all control over the functions of the house while he is away and cannot tell whether someone has punctured the security or whether he had left the living room light on. If the alarm has been triggered at his home, there is no way that the user can become aware of this unless he returns to his compromised home. In order for the system be useful, the appliances must be able to be moved around the house and still retain their ability to communicate with the system. A degree of automation is needed in a house so that certain functions in the house occur automatically, for example the outside light can turn on when it becomes dark outside. There is a need for a reliable, secure and interactive system that exercises full control over the electric and electronic aspects of the house, with the potential to be accessed from across the globe. A home control system controls the users whole house, triggering routines and events involving Home Subsystems. An automation system controls a collection of â€Å"Home Subsystems†. A Home Subsystems includes light fixtures, the heating-cooling system, security components, entertainment, as well as devices like motorized drapes or any other condition that the user selects. Is a system that even when operating automatically provides benefits to the system user. A home automation system puts two or more Home-Subsystems under the control of one central controller which is PIC microcontroller and the user interface attached to the controller for example touch screen, key pad, handheld remotes, or a PC which we will describe it later in this chapter. The Smart House system would adjust the power supplied to each appliance according to need. Each appliance is provided with sufficient power to provide for its peak use. In addition, the Smart House controllers could schedule the operation of heavy power consuming appliances (such as dishwashers, electric water heaters, and air conditioners) to take maximum advantage of off-peak electric rates. These adjustments could result in lower utility costs. http://www.connectedhomemag.com/HomeControls/Articles/Index.cfm?ArticleID=22609 Features that provided by Home Automation Home automation system can provide many benefits that make home safer, more comfortable, by employing sensors and control systems to monitor home and provide services. The home automation system can make the user be able to control his own home while he relaxing sleeping even while he is working. The home automation system makes the user be able to control lighting that he can change light with his mode and requirement. Security is one of the important benefits that can be provided by home automation system even during the absence of the user, that if there someone trying to breach house the system can release the alarm, lock all the exits until the user comes and reset the system. The home automation system can provide a system prevent fires by smoke sensors that senses for smoking if there the system release the alarm and the water sprinkles start spraying water. Home automation system can control the temperature of house by controlling AC. There is a large unexploited potential for using home automation for energy savings and comfort improvements. Home Automation Components Central controller which is an inelegant device connected with the whole system, its job is to manage, process, and control the home automation system, it can be a PIC microcontroller, PC .etc. User interface in which user can control the home automation system and choose the mode he need in any appliance of the system, it can be a touch screen, GLCD, remote controletc. Appliances which are the devices that controlled by the system and it can be any device such as clean machine, AC, lighting as a sub system..etc. Connection which is the type of connection between systems and it can be wired or wireless. Wired vs. Wireless Home Automation The medium through which communications occurs is crucial to the feasibility of a home automation system. So the types of home automation systems are: 1. Wired System Traditionally, wiring consists of wires that get snaked through the walls. There are three wired systems: electricity, telephone, TV cable. Which have been earned by the home automation and the user more agree with, because it is provide reliability, it connect each appliance with central controller, signal between sent between devices is travelling through a physical medium . Wired system provide reliability, but it is difficult to install, and it not easy for error detection and resolving, unless there is a smart central device and advanced physical medium and connections. 2. Wireless System Each appliance is connected with a device as a receiver or transmitter that depends on the function of the appliance and what does it need, and for each sensor there is a transmitter and receiver device. Transmitter device send a signal such as RF signal and the receiver receives the signal moves it to an intelligent device which detects if the signal for the device that connected with, if yes the intelligent device makes the attached device to act the suitable action for the situation. The main difference between wired and wireless system that the communication between system components and devices in wired system using physical medium, but in the wireless system the signal is generated as Radio wave signal -for example- travels on the air and cached by receivers. Theoretical Back Ground The Purpose of the Project The main purpose of the home automation project briefly is to make life easier. To achieve the main purpose we need to design a control system for home appliances, the user can control real loads by a single touch on the touch panel , away from the traditional bush buttons remote control the user will use his finger to select any option on the touch panel whether it is a on/off button or next/previous command. The user can choose the right arrow to select between the appliances (light, door open, door close, heater) then he will use the on/off button to toggle the load status. 3. Method To achieve the goal of this project the touch screen must be chosen so it can be interfaced to the microcontroller (PIC microcontroller) , the resistive touch screen can be used since the microcontroller has it own build in analog to digital converter, The microcontroller will convert the output of the touch screen to digital value (x-position ,y- position) then it will decide the press location on what button (the buttons is drawn on a graphical LCD which is under the touch screen ) so the user will feel as if he press the button itself After this the microcontroller will execute a certain routine to toggle the corresponding load depending on the pressed button. As shown in figure above we have proposed a block diagram to achieve the project goal, the configuration and the connection of each components can found in the datasheet, for example the datasheet of the GLCD and the touch screen requires the use of PIC microcontroller so both of them must be connected directly to the PIC in the appropriate way. Also the web site. http://www.mikroe.com/en/tools/ provides learning kits with a full document and schematic diagrams for those kits, which was an addition information source to know how we can use the graphical LCD and the touch screen The real loads driver circuit will take the command signal from the microcontroller so it also it will be connected directly to the microcontroller, Description of the main blocks PIC microcontroller PIC microcontroller ,which will be the brain of the system Why to use pic16f877A At first any pic microcontroller that has portB and portD can be used to interface the graphical LCD, but since we will use a touch screen in the project and the output is analog voltage so we also need a pic microcontroller with a build in analog to digital converter, those specification can be found in the PIC16F877A Graphical LCD idea and background Graphical LCD , at which the graphics will be displayed The GLCD module is specially designed for microcontroller programmers who like an extra dimension in the projects. This module has a 128 X 64 pixel graphical LCD with touch screen, This LCD is controlled by KS0108 LCD controller via two segment drivers. LCD backlight color is yellow-green. Touch panel , which will respond to the touches and convert it to analog voltages. Driving circuit which will take the control signal from the microcontroller and drive a real 220V ac loads. interfacing circuit: this circuit will take the four wires from the touch screen and fed the microcontroller with the analog voltage (x,y) 4. Working plan first step is to buy the needed components start testing interfacing the components as follows connect the graphical LCD and display some pictures using the pic microcontroller connect the touch screen and test the output voltages when pressing on it, we will use the regular voltmeter to test the output voltages on each corner and it should be as follows design the output driving circuit to drive the real 220V loads by apply 1 5V on the input Software implementation Since we are using a pic microcontroller then we need to use a compatible compiler and the easiest one is (MIKROBASIC) because it has a built in libraries for the graphical LCD also the used language is BASIC. 6. Why to use the mikrobasic instead of assembly (mp lab) Using the graphical LCD in the project requires a lot o work in signaling the graphical lcd, so each picture or graph must be sent to the graphical lcd pixel by pixel which is a long work without any advantage because the mikroelctronica compiler (mikrobasic) comes with a built in libraries that support both (LCD, and graphical LCD) so the time needed for doing the libraries can be used to add more features to the main project. 6.1 Features MikroBasic allows the user to quickly develop and deploy complex applications: Write the BASIC source code using the built-in Code Editor (Code and Parameter Assistants, Syntax Highlighting, Auto Correct, Code Templates, and more†¦) Use the included mikroBasic libraries to dramatically speed up the development: data acquisition, memory, displays, conversions, communications†¦ Practically all P12, P16, and P18 chips are supported. Can be used to Monitor the program structure, variables, and functions in the Code Explorer. Inspect program flow and debug executable logic with the integrated Debugger. Get detailed reports and graphs: RAM and ROM map, code statistics, assembly listing, calling tree, and more†¦ Introduction to Project Management For planning any project, you must manage it. The whole project is divided into three major elements: tasks, resource and time. Each elements work affects the others, means they are related. Project Tasks Means what each piece of project component will achieve and the hardware connection between these components, some tasks may include: Programming Microcontroller. User interface â€Å"GLCD†. Project documentation. Project Resources Means anything used to achieve the goals of project, which can be: People as who has experience with the home automation they can be users or experts. Machinery which used to develop the project components. Money. 1.5 System Requirements 1.5.1 System Hardware Micro controller (PIC): to control the whole system. Graphical LCD: as the user interface. Driving CKT: to connect loads with the PIC. 1.5.2 System software Micro Basic for programming PIC. Following chapters will be more detailed for each part.

The Psychology of Racism :: essays research papers

The Psychology of Racism Segregation has and still affects perceptions of Blackness inside and outside the Black community by making Black people see themselves as White people see them. Many of Black people have accepted the fallacy that they were inferior to White people at a young age, and Whites learned that Blacks were lower then Whites at a young age as well. Perceptions of Blackness within the Black community have been witnessed and lived by W.E.B. Dubois and many other Black writers and movie directors such as Spike Lee. W.E.B. Dubois wrote many pieces of literature that have been noticed. Spike Lee Directed many movies but only a handful showed perceptions of Blackness within the Black community. In the film Bamboozled by Spike Lee, he creates a show within the movie. The show is basically Black actors who paint themselves Blacker and their lips redder than they really are. This is to show the current audience how Whites saw Blacks during the Jim Crow era. W.E.B. Dubois states in all of his pieces that the White man see all Black people the same way. W.E.B. Dubois and Spike Lee are two Black men that have accepted the facts of White America but overcame the prejudice remarks. Dubois and Lee both in writing and film showed perceptions of the Blackness within the Black community by showing segregation, and racism. ?The Negro is a sort of seventh son, born with a veil, and gifted with second-sight in this American world, --a world which yields him no true self-consciousness, but only lets him see himself through the revelation of the other world.? W.E.B. Dubois explains that the Black man is born with the gift of second sight meaning they can see themselves in the manor that White folks do. Dubois also states that Black people have no self identity, which means to me that they didn?t think they had as much power as the White people. Perceptions of Blackness outside the Black community include speeches from Government officials and documentaries. In the documentary ?A Class Divided? we see that young White children are raised with a racist mentality. In the Government, George Wallace, Governor of Alabama (1962-1966, 1970-1974) we see the support of segregation. George Wallace states ?and I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever.? This quote shows the perceptions of Blackness outside the Black community. In the documentary A Class Divided a teacher conducts a study on racism on her elementary class.

A Look at Personal Beliefs of Teaching

When I was immature, I ne'er had a dream to go a instructor. My instruction besides was non in the instruction field. I had ne'er been learning anyplace before I worked at my university. Therefore, instruction is a new thing for me. When I began to learn, I realized that it was non easy to go a good instructor. It was a large duty. What you teach today could impact person ‘s hereafter. Therefore, as a instructor, I need counsel as my foundation to go a good pedagogue. I believe it is of import that personal beliefs about instruction be explored. This should be an on-going and germinating procedure, because constructing up a personal doctrine of instruction has been a journey of hunt and find. It will turn over the clip based on experiences, and besides on personal and educational developments. The challenges that I will run into during the journey excite new demands to go a better pedagogue. As a instructor, it is my desire to link with my pupils. I believe that instructors should give the pupils attending and affect them in learning and larning procedure. This essay is about my doctrine of instruction. It will be organized as follows: first, I will offer my point of position about the purposes of instruction. Second, I will exemplify my beliefs about instruction and larning methods. Third, I will show my positions about curriculum execution. I will so depict my moralss and morality in instruction and acquisition procedure. I will shut by reasonin g my doctrine of instruction that I mentioned before. My doctrine of instruction starts with what I feel about instruction. For me, the purposes of instruction should include and learn rational, personal, civic, cultural, and moral facets of life. This will guarantee all-around and balanced persons. Education is non merely about developing pupils ‘ minds but besides developing pupils ‘ emotional capacities. Education should make people who care for other people. We do non desire create rational but nescient people. Education should besides concentrate on the civic duties of persons beyond the schoolroom. I think pupils should be encouraged to make out in openness and service to the community beyond the school, to go actively involved in their community. Persons should obtain accomplishments through instruction which contribute to autonomy in work outing jobs of mundane life. I feel pupils should develop regard for the usage, civilizations, and beliefs that occur in our diverse universe. Students should develop values that will be good to the common public assistance of society. In add-on, I feel it besides of import for instruction to encompass plans that develop regard for the environment. Students should acknowledge and aware about their environment and how to use sustainable life. I realize that to accomplish those purposes is a challenge. I hope my doctrine of instruction will assist me and pupils to accomplish them. As a instructor in a distance acquisition university, my focal point is on-line learning. It is a bit different from learning in a â€Å" conventional † or face to face university. I normally have a big on-line category for my class. Sometime it is hard to pay attending to every pupil separately, but I do believe that pupils need attending to do them prosecute with the class. They need to be recognized as an person. So, my doctrine of instruction is a student-centered 1. I believe in concentrating on single demands, and affecting pupils in the procedure of their acquisition. It is my belief that single differences need to be respected. I believe that all pupils have strengths, and that is the end of instruction to help pupils in identifying and edifice upon these. These beliefs are stronger after I have been analyzing at Simon Fraser University ( SFU ) . I see that pupils can larn more if they are engaged with the lessons and with the instructors. Therefore, the lessons have t o be interesting and instructors have to give their best attending to the pupils. I besides believe Freire ‘s ( 1970/2000 ) construct about teacher-student with students-teachers. He argued that â€Å" the instructor is no longer simply the-one-who-teaches, but one who is himself or herself taught in duologue with the pupils, who in bend while being taught besides teach. They become jointly responsible for a procedure in which all grow † ( p. 50 ) . I think it can be employed in distance acquisition university, where most of the pupils are big scholars, and parts of the teaching-learning procedure are based on tutorials. In this method, instructor and pupils have chances to develop treatments, and from those, we can larn from each other. For me, the most meaningful acquisition takes topographic point when pupils are motivated and interested. It is my belief that the manner to accomplish this is by giving pupils a voice in the acquisition procedure, and by helping them in happening connexions in the course of study with their ain life and involvements. By leting pupils to convey their ain narratives, experiences, and thoughts into the schoolroom, we provide the pupils with chances to work together, to larn from each other, and to esteem each others ‘ differences. I besides believe that pupils should be given chances to associate their acquisition and critical thought accomplishments to societal challenges and jobs outside of the schoolroom. Not merely do pupils hold the possible to do a difference within the society, they can turn as persons in the procedure. This attack has the benefits of authorising pupils and constructing their ego regard and job resolution accomplishments. Related with course of study, I believe that establishments and instructors still hold the chief function in developing course of study, and instructors can be flexible in the course of study execution. I learned from my experiences in SFU that pupils could be involved in curriculum execution. They are given a opportunity to give their input, so instructors can place their demands. I believe when instructors give the pupils chances like this, it will do them experience challenged to larn and go more interested and satisfied with the acquisition procedure. Analyzing in a distance acquisition university is non easy. Students have to go self directed-learners. They have to be independent. However, sometime they need to inquire and confer with about their survey troubles with instructors. That is why I besides believe that I should be a good facilitator for my pupils. Not merely should I be a good instructor academically, but besides I should be a usher to my pupils. If there are some inquiries and concerns about their survey, I will assist them exhaustively, administratively and academically. My doctrine besides includes respects, kindness, duty, democratic instruction, forbearance, and clip. Even though pupils and teacher hold different functions, I believe that I, as a instructor, have to handle them with regard, because when we respect each other, the learning acquisition procedure will run swimmingly. I besides have duties to give my pupils a good quality of instruction. Students should derive something utile when they study. In add-on, in my experience, because pupils besides need attending, as a instructor I should be patient and give them my clip for listening. My doctrine of instruction has been shaped by experiences within my ain life and my instruction. I feel that attending every bit good as affecting pupils are of import as parts of the instruction and acquisition procedure. As I enter the profession of instruction, my doctrine may germinate as I gain experiences as a instructor. However, the foundations of my educational doctrine will go on to steer me in the manner which I interact with my pupils.

Free Essays on Promotion Project

Promotion Project The company I chose to do my project on is Meals on Wheels of Solano County (MOW). There are hundreds on MOW’s around the country including several in California. I chose Solano County because I worked for them for two years and I had an inside look on how things operated there. Meals on Wheels of Solano County, directed my Michael Garver, is a non-profit organization who provides lunch-time meals seven days a week to the homebound elderly ages sixty and above and the disabled. They have been in business since 1977. For fourteen years, they only served Vallejo and Fairfield, but in 2001 they branched out to also serve Suisun, Dixon, Vacaville and Rio Vista. MOW’s sole purpose for existing is to allow the elderly and disables who are unable to prepare meals for themselves to stay in their homes longer without being institutionalized. They do this by allowing them to have a nutritionally balanced meal everyday. The program also helps the homebound because the majority of the people being served do not get human contact on a daily basis, if at all. The program allows them to see friendly faces everyday when their meals are delivered. Meals on Wheels provides nutritional meals that are made fresh everyday and then frozen. The meals are delivered Monday through Friday between 12:00pm – 2:00pm. For those who do not have a microwave or oven, their meals are brought to them already heated. There are no deliveries made on the weekends, but if requested two extra meals are delivered on Friday for Saturday and Sunday. There are no set charges for the meals, but donations from clients are welcome. No one will be turned down for the inability to pay for their meals. MOW of Solano County currently has 600 clients which 140 of them are from senior centers. They also have 150 volunteers to deliver the meals. Meals on Wheels is funded 65% by the government and the other 35% must be raised from the commun... Free Essays on Promotion Project Free Essays on Promotion Project Promotion Project The company I chose to do my project on is Meals on Wheels of Solano County (MOW). There are hundreds on MOW’s around the country including several in California. I chose Solano County because I worked for them for two years and I had an inside look on how things operated there. Meals on Wheels of Solano County, directed my Michael Garver, is a non-profit organization who provides lunch-time meals seven days a week to the homebound elderly ages sixty and above and the disabled. They have been in business since 1977. For fourteen years, they only served Vallejo and Fairfield, but in 2001 they branched out to also serve Suisun, Dixon, Vacaville and Rio Vista. MOW’s sole purpose for existing is to allow the elderly and disables who are unable to prepare meals for themselves to stay in their homes longer without being institutionalized. They do this by allowing them to have a nutritionally balanced meal everyday. The program also helps the homebound because the majority of the people being served do not get human contact on a daily basis, if at all. The program allows them to see friendly faces everyday when their meals are delivered. Meals on Wheels provides nutritional meals that are made fresh everyday and then frozen. The meals are delivered Monday through Friday between 12:00pm – 2:00pm. For those who do not have a microwave or oven, their meals are brought to them already heated. There are no deliveries made on the weekends, but if requested two extra meals are delivered on Friday for Saturday and Sunday. There are no set charges for the meals, but donations from clients are welcome. No one will be turned down for the inability to pay for their meals. MOW of Solano County currently has 600 clients which 140 of them are from senior centers. They also have 150 volunteers to deliver the meals. Meals on Wheels is funded 65% by the government and the other 35% must be raised from the commun...

Writing a Book Report Easy Recipe to Make a Powerful Report

Writing a Book Report Easy Recipe to Make a Powerful Report Most book reports follow a similar format, but your teacher will probably outline what he or she expects from you. Follow those instructions first.  For additional inspiration and ideas, check out The Lakewood Public Librarys helpful student guide to writing book reports. It covers everything from selecting a book to writing your final draft. Use these top 25 book report ideas to create a real masterpiece. BOOK REPORT IDEAS A Standard Book Report Format 1. The Introduction This paragraph should include the title of the book and name of the author. It will also describe the setting and quickly summarize what the book is about. Dont get too detailed here. Its just the introduction. 2. Body Paragraphs This is where the real content enters the picture. By reading this part of your book report (three to four paragraphs), your teacher will be able to determine whether you read the book and understood the story.  Start by describing the main characters of the story. Then, describe the conflict. Common conflicts include man vs. man, man vs. nature and man vs. himself. Your book may present a different kind of conflict. Describe it in detail.  The remaining body paragraphs should summarize the plot and describe how it relates to the conflict. Begin with the rising action, the part of the story where events build. Then describe the climax, where the story reaches its most dramatic or interesting point. The third paragraph should describe the falling action when the conflict or problem is resolved. 3. The Conclusion This is an appropriate place to state your personal opinion of the book. What did you think of it? Describe its strengths and weaknesses. Would you recommend it to others? Why or why not? Remember, a winning paper will use examples from the book to back up comments. Searching for book report template? Here is a great on below. BOOK REPORT TEMPLATE If you feel like you need additional assistance with crafting your book report, feel free to contact any of our custom essay writing professionals. is available 24/7 to help and guide you through the writing process.

Robinson Crusoe3 essays

Robinson Crusoe3 essays ROBINSON CRUSOE - Shipwrecked Englishman Robinson Crusoe was a young Englishman who went to sea in August, 1859, and didn't return home till 28 years later. The ship he was riding on was attacked by pirates in the Caribbees, then shipwrecked. Crusoe was washed ashore on an uninhabited island, now known as Juan Fernandez Island in the Pacific off the coast of Chile, South America. Using materials he found on the shipwrecked ship, Crusoe single-handed built his home, raised his own food, and made himself contented living alone. He stayed there for 18 years with Laddie, a dog companion. Then terror struck him when he found the imprint of a human foot on the seashore. He discovered that cannibals visited the island now and then. Six years later, the cannibals came with victims to kill. One escaped and Crusoe saved his life. The latter turned faithful and Crusoe named him Friday, the day he was saved. On his 28th year on the island, Crusoe sighted a passing ship. He hailed it with signals, and they were rescued and brought to England. Crusoe found a wife and settled down to raise his family and enjoy the wealth he have accumulated before. His man Friday lived with him, liking English city life much. This novel was a real experience of Alexander Selkirk that inspired Defoe to write the novel. He wrote the story with simplicity, yet his style imparted narrative with a very realistic atmosphere that made this novel very popular. ...

Lady Mary Worley Turkish Embassy letters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lady Mary Worley Turkish Embassy letters - Essay Example ’Tis very easy to see they have more liberty than we have†. (Montagu 1718, XXIX). Turkish ladies must cover themselves from head to toe whenever they leave the house. This conceals their identity, leaving them free to undertake whatever activities they desire. The women conduct affairs while never revealing their identity to their lovers. The idea of women conducting extra-marital affairs was taboo in Western society at the time. The writer remarks that the difference in religion aids this. Islam does not preach punishment for marital infidelities, unlike Christianity. The women are free to conduct their affairs without moral guilt or fear of discovery. She challenges the conception that Islam oppresses women by stating that it does not preach damnation and hellfire for women who have affairs. The writer describes Turkish women as â€Å"the freest on earth†. The writer redefines the concept of the veil, a symbol of oppression and restriction to Westerners. The vei l sets the women free, giving them much more freedom than their Western counterparts. Turkish husbands dare not marry four wives even though their religion allows it. This contradicts the popular view that Islamic custom favors men by allowing polygamy. The women have the power to prevent the men from taking up extra wives. Turkish women own property, with some of them accumulating vast wealth. Women owning property was unheard of in England. Turkish women command respect from the men and are the last word in household affairs. They do not tolerate infidelity in their husbands; any man who desires a mistress has to keep it secret. Another strange custom the writer observes pertains to divorce. When a man who had divorced his wife wants her back, he has to let her spend a night with another man. This contradicts another popular notion that Islamic men wield all the power in divorce. The divorce must be thoroughly thought out and not done on a whim. The consequences of divorcing on wh im are painful for the man who wants his wife back. The writer once more challenges the view of Islamic women as oppressed. The women conduct marital affairs yet the men cannot. This is a reversal of Western culture where sexual expression was allowed in men but frowned upon in women. The women have their own private space, the harems, where men cannot interfere. They are waited upon by slaves and live lavish, pampered lives. In one of many descriptions of the lavish life in Turkey, Montagu writes; â€Å"The sofas were covered with cushions and rich carpets on which sat the ladies† (Montagu 1718, XXVI). The women have everything they desire and more. The quality of their lives is better than that of their Western counterparts. In letter XXVI, the writer narrates her experience in a Turkish bathhouse. The experience can only be described by a woman, as no men are allowed inside them on pain of death. She describes the mannerisms of the women there as courteous, pleasant and we lcoming. She contrasts them with women back home who are snide, spiteful and disdainful. The reception she gets from the Turkish women is nothing short of civil. Her visits to the wives of the grand vizier and the sultan reinforce the notion of courtesy, kindness and civility in Turkish women.